Acknowledgements xxvii
A Note on the Presentation and Editing of Texts xxviii
General Introduction xxxi
I Encountering the World 1
Introduction 1
IA Figures of Wealth and Power 9
1 Robert of Clari
fromThe Conquest of Constantinople1204/1216 9
2 Giovanni di Pian de Carpini (John of Carpini)
from hisJourney to the Court of Kuyuk Khan12457 11
3 Marco Polo
fromThe Travels c.1299 13
4 Sir John Mandeville
from hisTravels c.1356 16
5 Various authors on artistic and cultural relations between Italian city states and the Ottoman and Mamluk empires during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries 18
5 (i) Sigismondo Malatesta of Rimini
Letter of introduction for Matteo de Pasti to Mehmed II 1461 19
5 (ii) Marin Sanudo
from his diary for 1 August 1479 20
5 (iii) Mehmed II
to the Venetian Senate 1480 20
5 (iv) The Venetian Senate
Letter to Mehmed II 1480 21
5 (v) Luca Landucci
from his Florentine diary 1487 21
5 (vi) Leonardo da Vinci
from a letter to Sultan Bayezid II before 1512 22
5 (vii) Tommaso di Tolfo
from a letter to Michelangelo 1519 22
6 Giovanni da Empoli
On India, Ceylon and the Spice Islands 1514 23
7 João de Castro
fromRoteiro de Goa até Dio1540s 24
8 Simão de Melo
from an inventory of his goods 1570s 26
9 Johann Huyghen van Linschoten
On Indian religious art 1596 29
10 Duarte de Sande
from An Excellent Treatise of the Kingdom of Chinac.1590 32
11 Matteo Ricci
from his journalc.15821610/1615 34
12 JeanBaptiste Tavernier
On the Peacock Throne 38
IB Across the Ocean Sea 40
1 Christopher Columbus
Two texts from his first voyage to America 1492 40
2 Amerigo Vespucci
Letter to Lorenzo Pietro Franco de Medici 1503 43
3 Hernán Cortés
Two letters from Mexico 1519 and 1520 45
4 Bartolomé de Las Casas
fromApologetic History of the Indies c.154252 48
5 Toribio de Benavente (Motolinía)
fromHistory of the Indians of New Spain1536 51
6 First Provincial Council in Lima 15512
On the destruction of Indian sacred sites 52
7 Jean de Léry
fromHistory of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil c.156380 53
8 Thomas Harriot
fromA Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia1590 54
9 Bernardo de Balbuena
fromGrandeza Mexicana1604 57
10 Juan Rodriguez Freile
On the legend ofEl Dorado1636 60
11 John Lok
A Voyage to Guinea in the year 155461
12 Olfert Dapper
On the city of Benin 1668 62
13 William Dampier
The first encounter with Indigenous Australian peoplec.1688/99 64
IC Scholarly Responses 66
1 Anon.
from the Inventory of the Palazzo Medici 1492 66
2 Albrecht Dürer
from his diary of his journey to the Netherlands 1520 70
3 Thomas Platter
On Mr Copes cabinet of curiosities 1599 71
4 Michel de Montaigne
On the Cannibalsc.1580s 74
5 Christopher Marlowe
fromTamburlaine the Great c.1590 76
6 Francis Bacon
Of Plantationsc.15971625 77
7 Francis Bacon
fromNew Atlantis c.16205 79
8 Martin de Charmois
from his Petition to the King and to the Lords of his Council 1648 81
9 Dorothy Osborne
from letters to Sir William Temple 1653 82
10 Thomas Hobbes
Of the Naturall Condition of Mankind 1651 83
11 John Tradescant
from theMuseum Tradescantianum, orA Collection of Rarities1656 83
12 John Dryden
on the Noble Savage 16702 91
13 Aphra Behn
fromOroonoko, or The Royal Slave c.16634/1688 91
14 Charles Perrault
fromParallel of the Ancients and Moderns1688 93
15 William Temple
On the distinctiveness of Chinese gardens 1690 94
16 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
from Preface toNovissima Sinica c.1690 96
17 John Locke
Of Property, fromTwo Treatises of Government c.1690 98
II Enlightenment and Expansion 101
Introduction 101
IIA The Orient in Fact and Fancy 109
1 Antoine Galland
Preface to dHerbelotsBibliothèque Orientale1697 109
2 Anon.
fromThe Arabian Nights Entertainments1713 111
3 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
Letters from the Turkish Empirec.171618 114
4 CharlesLouis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu
fromPersian Letters1721 119
5 Joseph Addison
from The Pleasures of the Imagination 1712 120
6 John Shebbeare
The taste of England at present 1756 121
7 Oliver Goldsmith
from TheCitizen of the World1765 122
8 Sir William Chambers
fromA Dissertation on Oriental Gardening1772 124
9 Sir William Jones
from hisDiscoursesto the Asiatick Society of Bengal 1784 and 1785 127
10 William Beckford of Fonthill
fromVathek1786 130
11 Sir George Staunton
from his account of the Macartney embassy to China 1797 133
IIB Curiosities and Colonies 137
1 Hans Sloane
fromThe Natural History of Jamaica c.1690/1707 137
2 Jonathan Swift
fromGullivers Travels1726 138
3 Louis Antoine de Bougainville
On Tahiti 1768/72 140
4 A selection of texts from the Cook voyages to the Pacific 176880 143
4 (i) Joseph Banks
On two figures and aMarae, or temple precinct, in Tahiti June 1769 145
4 (ii) James Cook
Two accounts of the practice of tattooing 147
(a) in Tahiti July 1769
(b) in New Zealand March 1770
4 (iii) James Cook
On the people of Australia April to August 1770 148
4 (iv) William Wales
An account of music and dancing in Tahiti 1773 150
4 (v) George Forster
An account of artefacts at Tonga October 1773 152
4 (vi) George Forster
On the stone statues and wood carvings of Easter Island March 1774 153
5 Ignatius Sancho and Laurence Sterne
An exchange of letters 1766 155
6 Manuel Amat y Junyent, Viceroy of Peru
Letter on Casta paintings 1770 157
7 Ignatius Sancho
Letter to Jack Wingrave 1778 158
8 William Hodges
fromTravels in India17803/1794 159
9 Thomas Jefferson
fromNotes on the State of Virginia1787 162
10 Olaudah Equiano
On the Middle Passage 1789 164
11 William Beckford of Somerley
fromA Descriptive Account of the Island of Jamaica1790 167
12 Erasmus Darwin (17311802)
On revolution, slavery and the Wedgwood medallion 1791 170
IIC Changing Ideas and Values 172
1 David Hume
from Of National Characters 1748 172
2 JeanJacques Rousseau
from A Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences 1750 174
3 Comte de Caylus
fromA Collection of the Antiquities of Egypt1752 177
4 Voltaire (FrançoisMarie Arouet)
fromEssay on the Manners and Spirit of Nations1756/9 180
5 Voltaire (FrançoisMarie Arouet)
from Essay on Taste 1759 184
6 Immanuel Kant
fromObservations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime1763 185
7 Johann Joachim Winckelmann
fromThe History of Ancient Art1764 188
8 John Millar
Notes on the Four Stages theory of human development 1760s 190
9 Denis Diderot
Supplement to the Voyage of Bougainville 1772 191
10 Johann Gottfried Herder
fromA Monument to Johann Winckelmann1778 194
11 Samuel Johnson
On the state of nature 176684 197
12 Antoine Quatremère de Quincy
fromEgyptian Architecture1785 199
13 Joshua Reynolds
from hisDiscourses1776 and 1786 202
14 Edward Gibbon
Reflections on civilization and barbarism 1788 205
III Revolution, Romanticism, Reaction 209
Introduction 209
IIIA History: Between Spirit and Science 215
1 Johann Gottfried Herder
fromOutlines of a Philosophy of the History of Man1790 215
2 Charles Bell
fromEssays on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting1806 218
3 Friedrich Schlegel
On the Language and Philosophy of the Indians 1808 221
4 Joseph Fourier
from Historical Preface to theDescription of Egypt1809 224
5 Edward Moor
fromThe Hindu Pantheon1810 226
6 Richard Payne Knight
fromAn Inquiry into the Symbolical Language of Ancient Art and Mythology1818 230
7 John Flaxman
Stylec.181026 233
8 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
fromAesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art18239 235
9 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
fromLectures on the Philosophy of World History18301 241
10 John L. Stephens
fromIncidents of Travel in Yucatan1843 244
11 Arthur Schopenhauer
On Human Naturec.184550 247
12 Gottfried Semper
fromThe Four Elements of Architecture1851 249
IIIB Visions of the Exotic 253
1 Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Kubla Khan 1798 253
2 Maria Edgeworth
fromThe Absentee1812 255
3 George Gordon, Lord Byron
fromThe Giaour1813 256
4 Thomas De Quincey
fromConfessions of an English OpiumEater1821 261
5 Johann Wolfgang Goethe
from theWestEastern Divan c.181419 264
6 Giacomo Leopardi
fromZibaldone18203 268
7 Alfred, Lord Tennyson
from Timbuctoo 1829 271
8 Eugène Delacroix
Letters and notes on his journey to North Africa 1832 274
9 George Catlin
Letter from the Mouth of the Yellowstone River 1832 279
10 John Constable
from Discourses 1836 281
11 David Roberts
From his travels to Egypt and the Middle East 18389 282
12 Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
Notes on the Turkish Baths n.d. 285
IIIC Missionaries, Managers and Resistance 289
1 Thomas Paine
fromRights of Man1792 289
2 William Blake
fromAmerica, a Prophecy1793 292
3 Mirza Abu Talib (or Taleb) Khan
from hisTravels1799/1800 293
4 Lady Maria Nugent
from her journal 18015 297
5 William Wordsworth
To Toussaint LOuverture1802 299
6 James Mill
fromThe History of British India1817 300
7 Percy Bysshe Shelley
Ozymandias 1817 305
8 Henry Salt and Joseph Banks
Two letters 181819 306
9 John Davy
fromAn Account of the Interior of Ceylon1821 307
10 William Ellis
fromPolynesian Researches1829 309
11 Ram Raz
fromEssay on the Architecture of the Hindús1834 313
12 Thomas Babington Macaulay, Lord Macaulay
Minute on Indian Education 1835 317
13 James Mallord William Turner, William Makepeace Thackeray and John Ruskin
Three texts relating to J. M. W. TurnersSlave Ship1840 and 1843 320
IV Modernity and Empire 325
Introduction 325
IVA Enduring Fictions and Transformed Spaces 329
1 Théophile Gautier
from Art in 1848 1848 329
2 Théophile Gautier
On Gérôme and Artistic Orientalism 1856 330
3 Théophile Thoré, writing as William Bürger,
from New Tendencies in Art 1857 332
4 Edmond and Jules de Goncourt
on Japanese art 18614 334
5 Various authors on Japanese art and the painting of modern life 336
5 (i) Charles Baudelaire
from a letter to Arsène Houssaye 1861 336
5 (ii) Émile Zola
On Manet 1867 337
5 (iii) Edmond Duranty
On the new painting 1876 338
5 (iv) Stéphane Mallarmé
from The Impressionists and Edouard Manet 1876 339
5 (v) Théodore Duret
On Japan 1878 340
5 (vi) Félix Fénéon
from The Impressionists in 1886 1886 340
5 (vii) Vincent Van Gogh
On Japan 1888 341
6 Philippe Burty
Ancient Japan and Modern Japan 1878 342
7 Joris-Karl Huysmans
fromA Rebours1884 345
8 Pierre Loti
fromThe Marriage of Loti1872/18789 345
9 A cluster of texts on Gauguin and Oceania 347
9 (i) Paul Gauguin
from three letters written before leaving for Polynesia 1890 348
9 (ii) Paul Gauguin
fromNoa Noa c.1894 349
9 (iii) August Strindberg and Paul Gauguin
from an exchange of letters 1895 352
9 (iv) Paul Gauguin
fromAvant et après, Atuona, HivaOa 1903 353
10 Hermann Bahr
Review of the Japanese exhibition at the sixth exhibition of the Vienna secession 1900 354
IVB Society, Evolution and the Idea of Race 357
1 Robert Knox
fromThe Races of Men1850 357
2 JosephArthur, Comte de Gobineau
fromThe Inequality of Human Races18535 361
3 Solomon Northup
fromTwelve Years a Slave1854 364
4 John Ruskin
from TheTwo Paths18589 366
5 Ernest Renan
from The Position of the Shemitic Nations in the History of Civilization 1862 369
6 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
On the emergence of the world system 1848 372
7 Karl Marx
On the Asiatic mode of production and modern capitalism 1853 373
8 The First International
Address to the people of the United States of America 1865 376
9 Edmond de Goncourt
from theGoncourt Journal1871 377
10 Charles Darwin
fromThe Descent of Man1871/1874 378
11 Friedrich Nietzsche
Signs of Higher and Lower Culture 1878 381
12Encyclopaedia Britannica
Ninth edition: Negro 1884 384
13 W. T. Stead
To All Englishspeaking Folk 1891 387
14 R. H. Bacon
fromBenin: The City of Blood1897 388
15 Rudyard Kipling
The White Mans Burden 1899 390
IVC Anthropology, Museums and the Origins of Art 393
1 Owen Jones
fromThe Grammar of Ornament1856 393
2 Edward Tylor
fromPrimitive Culture1871 398
3 Augustus LaneFox PittRivers
Principles of Classification 1874 401
4 J. G. Frazer
fromThe Golden Bough1890 404
5 Ernst Grosse
Ethnology and Aesthetics 1891 407
6 Henry Balfour
fromThe Evolution of Decorative Art1893 410
7 Alfred Haddon
fromEvolution in Art1895 414
8 Alois Riegl
fromProblems of Style1893 417
9 Alois Riegl
The Place of the Vapheio Cups in the History of Art 1900 423
10 George Birdwood
Conventionalism in Primitive Art 1903 425
IVD The World in View: Travellers and Teachers 428
1 Gérard de Nerval
fromScenes of Life in the Orient1843/67 428
2 Gustave Flaubert
On the pyramids 1850 430
3 Hiram Bingham
fromA Residence of TwentyOne Years in the Sandwich Islands1847 431
4 Sir Colin Campbell
Letter to Lord Stanley 1846 434
5 Andrew Nicoll
A Sketching Tour of Five Weeks in the Forests of Ceylon 1848/52 436
6 Robert Fortune
fromA Residence Among the Chinese1857 438
7 James Fergusson
fromHistory of Indian Architecture1876 442
8 Rajendralal Mitra
fromIndoAryans1881 447
9 Robert Louis Stevenson
On the South Seas 188990 451
10 C. H. Read and O. M. Dalton
Works of Art from Benin City 1898 452
11 Henry Ling Roth
Primitive Art from Benin 1899 456
12 Mary Kingsley
fromWest African Studies1899/1901 458
V The Significance of the Primitive 463
Introduction 463
VA Authenticity, Form and Feeling 467
1 A cluster of short texts on the initial encounter of the European
avantgarde with African art in 19067 467
1 (i) André Derain
Letter to Maurice de Vlaminck, March 1906 468
1 (ii) Maurice de Vlaminck
On his discovery of African art in 1906 469
1 (iii) Henri Matisse
On his encounter with African Art in 1906 470
1 (iv) Pablo Picasso
On his visit to the Trocadero museum in 1907 471
2 Wilhelm Worringer
fromAbstraction and Empathy1908 473
3 Roger Fry
The Art of the Bushmen 1910 476
4 Guillaume Apollinaire
Exoticism and Ethnography 1912 480
5 Franz Marc
Letter to August Macke 1911 482
6 Franz Marc
TheSavagesof Germany 1912 483
7 August Macke
Masks 1912 484
8 Emil Nolde
On Primitive Art 1912 485
9 Alexander Shevchenko
NeoPrimitivism 1913 486
10 Henri Matisse
On his visits to North Africa 1913 489
11 Paul Klee
On his visit to Tunisia 1914 491
12 Hermann Bahr
fromExpressionism1916 492
VB The Reach of Empire 494
1 James A. Hobson
fromImperialism1902 494
2 Charles Augustus Stoddard
fromCruising Among the Caribbees1895/1903 496
3 Edward Wilmot Blyden
West Africa Before Europe 1903 499
4 Kakuso Okakura
fromThe Ideals of the East1903 502
5 Sister Nivedita
Introduction to OkakurasThe Ideals of the East1903 504
6 W. E. B. Du Bois
fromThe Souls of Black Folk1903 505
7 from the HarmsworthHistory of the World
On the degeneration of indigenous Australians 1908 508
8 Ananda Coomaraswamy
The Aims of Indian Art 1908 509
9 E. B. Havell
The New Indian School of Painting 1908 512
10 Lucien LévyBruhl
fromHow Natives Think1910/26 514
11 Leo Frobenius
fromThe Voice of Africa1913 519
12 Sigmund Freud
fromTotem and Taboo1913 523
VI In a World of Colonies 529
Introduction 529
VIA Modern, Primitive, Universal 535
1 Guillaume Apollinaire
On the Art of the Blacks 1917 535
2 Guillaume Apollinaire
On African and Oceanic sculptures 1918 537
3 Roger Fry
Negro Sculpture 1920 538
4 Florent Fels et al.
Opinions on Negro Art 1920 541
5 Herbert Read
fromArt Now1933 544
6 James Johnson Sweeney
The Art of Negro Africa 1935 545
7 Alain Locke
African Art: Classic Style 1935 549
8 Robert Goldwater
A Definition of Primitivism 1938 551
9 Margaret Preston
Paintings in Arnhem Land 1940 554
10 Henry Moore
Primitive Art 1941 556
11 A cluster of short texts by American painters of the 1940s
on primitive art and myth 557
11 (i) Adolph Gottlieb and Mark Rothko
Statement 1943 558
11 (ii) Adolph Gottlieb and Mark Rothko
from The Portrait and the Modern Artist 1943 559
11 (iii) Jackson Pollock
Answers to a questionnaire 1944 560
11 (iv) Barnett Newman
PreColumbian Stone Sculpture 1944 560
11 (v) Barnett Newman
Art of the South Seas 1946 561
11 (vi) Barnett Newman
Northwest Coast Indian Painting 1946 562
11 (vii) Jackson Pollock
Statement 1947/8 563
11 (viii) Mark Rothko
from The Romantics were prompted 1947/8 563
VIB Western Civilization: For and Against 565
1 Rosa Luxemburg
fromThe Accumulation of Capital an AntiCritique1915 565
2 Hermann Hesse
The European 1918 566
3 Ezra Pound
fromHugh Selwyn Mauberley1919 569
4 Oswald Spengler
fromThe Decline of the West1918 571
5 Rabindranath Tagore
fromCreative Unity1922 574
6 The Third International
The Black Question 1922 577
7 W. E. B. Du Bois
Criteria of Negro Art 1926 579
8 Franz Boas
fromPrimitive Art1927 581
9 Alain Locke
Art or Propaganda 1928 584
10 Sigmund Freud
fromCivilization and Its Discontents1930 586
11 Alfred Rosenberg
fromThe Myth of the Twentieth Century1930 589
12 Leo Frobenius
Reflections on African Art 1931 591
13 Walter Benjamin
Experience and Poverty 1933 595
14 Narranyeri (attributed to David Unaipon)
A Blackfellows Appeal to White Australia 1934 597
15 Edmund Husserl
from The Vienna Lecture 1935 599
16 Julius Lips
fromThe Savage Hits Back1937 603
17 Fernando Ortiz
The Social Phenomenon of Transculturation 1940 606
18 Eric Williams
fromCapitalism and Slavery1944 609
VIC The Challenge of the AvantGarde 612
1 Voldemrs Matvejas/Vladimir Markov
Negro Art 191214/19 612
2 Carl Einstein
fromNegerplastik1915 615
Contents xxi
3 Tristan Tzara
Chanson du serpent/Song of the Snake 1917 619
4 Oswald de Andrade
Cannibalist Manifesto 1928 621
5 Sergei Eisenstein
The Cinematographic Principle and the Ideogram 1929 624
6 Len Lye
Two letters 1929/30 629
7 The Surrealist group in Paris
Dont Visit the Colonial Exhibition 1931 631
8 The Surrealist group at the Sorbonne
fromLegitimate Defence1932 633
9 The Surrealist group in Paris
Murderous Humanitarianism 1934 635
10 Michel Leiris
fromLAfrique fantôme/Phantom Africa1934 637
11 Antonin Artaud
What I Came to Mexico to Do 1936 641
12 Josef Albers
Truthfulness in Art 1937 643
13Art et Libertégroup, Cairo
Long Live Degenerate Art 1938 647
14 Aimé Césaire
fromNotebook of a Return to My Native Land1939 648
15 Claude LéviStrauss
The Art of the Northwest Coast 1943 653
16 Pierre Mabille
The Jungle 1945 656
VII Independence and the Post-colonial 661
Introduction 661
VIIA Resituating Theory and Politics 667
1 JeanPaul Sartre
fromBlack Orpheus1948 667
2 Aimé Césaire
fromDiscourse on Colonialism1950/5 670
3 Claude LéviStrauss
fromTristes Tropiques1955 675
4 Roland Barthes
African Grammar 1955/7 679
5 Frantz Fanon
from On National Culture 1959 683
6 George Kubler
fromThe Shape of Time1962 686
7 Michel Foucault
fromThe Order of Things1966 690
8 Edward Said
fromOrientalism1978 694
9 Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari
fromMille plateaux1980 698
10 Johannes Fabian
fromTime and the Other1983 702
VIIB Exhibitions, Museums and Histories Reimagined 706
1 André Malraux
from Museum Without Walls 1954 706
2 Aimé Césaire
On the institution of the museum 1955 709
3 Carl Sandburg and Edward Steichen
fromThe Family of Man1955 710
4 Roland Barthes
The Great Family of Man 1956/7 713
5 Georges Bataille
The Cradle of Humanity 1959 715
6 Léopold Sédar Senghor
from the First World Festival of Black Arts 1966 719
7 Robert Farris Thompson
Yoruba Artistic Criticism 1973 722
8 Ian Burn
Art is what we do, culture is what we do to other artists 1973 725
9 Linda Nochlin
from The Imaginary Orient 1982 729
10 Luis Camnitzer
Report from Havana: The First Biennial of Latin American Art 1984 731
11 William Rubin
from Primitivism in 20th Century Art1984 734
12 James Clifford
Histories of the Tribal and the Modern 1985 738
13 Martin Bernal
fromBlack Athena1987 742
VIIC Beyond Modernism 746
1 David A. Siqueiros
Towards a New Integral Art 1948 746
2 Kazuo Shiraga
The Shaping of the Individual 1956 748
3 Ad Reinhardt
Timeless in Asia 1960 750
4 George Maciunas
Fluxus Manifesto 1962 751
5 Anni Albers
Tapestry 1965 752
6 Hélio Oiticica
from General Scheme of the New Objectivity 1967 and Tropicália 1968 754
7 María Teresa Gramuglio and Nicolás Rosa
Tucumán Burns1968 758
8 Marshall McLuhan and Quentin Fiore
fromWar and Peace in the Global Village1968 761
9 Robert Smithson
Incidents of MirrorTravel in the Yucatan 1969 764
10 Nam June Paik
Global Grooveand the Video Common Market 1970 767
11 Joseph Beuys
Manifesto on the Foundation of a Free International School
for Creativity and Interdisciplinary Research 1973 770
12 Terry Smith
The Provincialism Problem 1974 773
13 Robert Morris
Aligned with Nazca 1975 776
14 Lothar Baumgarten
from Conquering the Southern Continent in the Haze of a Sixpenny Cigar 1978/2010 780
15 Alfredo Jaar
Statement 1984 783
VIID Asserting Identity 785
1 F. N. Souza
Nirvana of a Maggot 1955 785
2 James Baldwin
Princes and Powers 1957 788
3 Uche Okeke
Growth of an Idea 1959 and Natural Synthesis 1960 792
4 Aubrey Williams
The Predicament Of The Artist In The Caribbean 1968 794
5 Larry Neal
from The Black Arts Movement 1968 796
6 Frank Bowling
Its Not Enough to SayBlack is Beautiful 1971 798
7 Faith Ringgold
Interview on ForThe Womens House1972 802
8 Papa Ibra Tall
Negritude and Contemporary Plastic Art 1972 806
9 Edward Kamau Brathwaite
fromContradictory Omens1974 808
10 Rasheed Araeen
Preliminary Notes for a Black Manifesto 1978 813
11 Ana Mendieta
Introduction toDialectics of Isolation1980 816
12 Isaac Julien and Kobena Mercer
De Margin and De Centre 1988 817
VIII The Global Turn 821
Introduction 821
VIIIA Critical Revisions: Theory and History 827
1 Rasheed Araeen
Why Third Text? 1987 827
2 Peter Wollen
Tourism, Language and Art 1990 830
3 Homi K. Bhabha
The Postcolonial and the Postmodern 1992/4 833
4 Arjun Appadurai
fromModernity at Large1996 836
5 Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri
fromEmpire2000 840
6 Irit Rogoff
On visual culture 2000 844
7 Richard Bell
Bells Theorem: Aboriginal Art Its a White Thing 2003 847
8 Dipesh Chakrabarty
fromProvincializing Europe2000 852
9 Immanuel Wallerstein
fromWorldSystems Analysis2004 855
10 James Elkins
fromis Art History Global?2007 858
11 Partha Mitter
Decentering Modernism 2008 862
12 Fredric Jameson
fromA Singular Modernity2012 865
13 Aruna DSouza
Introduction toIn the Wake of the Global Turn2014 869
14 Peter Weibel
Modernity Reset: Renaissance 2.0 2016 872
VIIIB Diversity, Translation, Creolization and Identity 876
1 Stuart Hall
New Ethnicities 1988 876
2 Édouard Glissant
Creolisation and the Americas 1992 880
3 Sonia Boyce and Manthia Diawara
The Art of Identity: A Conversation 1996 883
4 Paul Gilroy
fromThe Black Atlantic1993 888
5 Coco Fusco and Guillermo GómezPeña
Interview with Anna Johnson 1993 891
6 Sarat Maharaj
Perfidious Fidelity; the Untranslatability of the Other 1994 894
7 Gordon Bennett
Letter to JeanMichel Basquiat 1998 897
8 Antonio BenítezRojo
Three Words toward Creolization 1998 899
9 Edward Said
The Art of Displacement 2000 902
10 Fred Wilson and Kwame Anthony Appiah
Fragments of a Conversation 2006 905
11 Homi K. Bhabha
Another Country 2006 909
12 Yinka Shonibare
Interview with Bernard Müller 2007 913
13 Fiona Tan
Other Facets of the Same Globe 2009 916
14 Lubaina Himid
We are Us not Other 2012 919
15 Kara Walker
A Sonorous Subtlety: an interview with Kara Rooney 2014 922
16 Fred Moten
On the art of Chris Ofili, from Blue Vespers 2017 925
VIIIC Global Art and the Museum 930
1 JeanHubert Martin
Preface toMagiciens de la terre1989 930
2 Rasheed Araeen
fromThe Other Story1989 933
3 Llilian Llanes Godoy
Introduction to the Third Havana Biennial 1989 937
4 Luis Camnitzer, Jane Farver and Rachel Weiss
Foreword toGlobal Conceptualism1999 941
5 Salah M. Hassan and Olu Oguibe
fromAuthentic/ExCentric2002 945
6 Okwui Enwezor
The Black Box 2002 948
7Artforum
Roundtable discussion on Global Tendencies 2003 953
8 Kwame Anthony Appiah
Whose Culture is It Anyway? 2006 957
9 ChinTao Wu
Biennials Without Borders? 2009 961
10 Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak 2012
Sign and Trace 965
11 Hans Belting and Andrea Buddensieg
From Art World to Art Worlds 2013 969
12 Clémentine Deliss
Stored Code and Foreign Exchange 2012/14 972
VIIID Concerning the Contemporary 976
1 Geeta Kapur
Contemporary Cultural Practice: Some Polemical Categories 1990 976
2 Slavoj ?i?ek
Multiculturalism, or, the Cultural Logic of Multinational Capitalism 1997 979
3 Nicolas Bourriaud
fromRelational Aesthetics1998/2002 982
4 William Kentridge
Interview with Dan Cameron 2000/1 987
5 Grant Kester
A Critical Framework for Dialogical Practice 2004 990
6 Terry Smith
fromWhat is Contemporary Art?2009 994
7 Hal Foster, Miwon Kwon, Chika OkekeAgulu, Alexander Alberro, Christopher P. Heuer, Matthew Jesse Jackson and Andrew Perchuk,
Responses to a questionnaire on The Contemporary 2009 998
8 Ai Weiwei
Epilogue to his blog 20069 1005
9 Francis Alÿs
Francis Alÿs: A to Z 2010 1008
10 Romuald Hazoumè
Cargoland2012 1011
11 Gerardo Mosquera
Beyond Anthropophagy 2013 1013
12 Xu Bing
On Holding a Retrospective 2014 1017
13 Doris Salcedo
A Work in Mourning 2014/15 1018
14 Hito Steyerl
If You Dont Have Bread, Eat Art! 2017 1021
15 Art& Language
fromFlags for Organisations2018 1025
Bibliography 1028
Copyright Acknowledgements 1058
Index 1086
